There are enormous differences in opinion regarding the potential to three-dimensionally clean a root canal system. Elimination of pulpal tissue, bacteria when present, and their related breakdown products is directly influenced by a series of procedural steps that comprise start-to-finish endodontics.

In this Just-In-Time segment, the strategic importance of fluid hydrodynamics and its role in endodontic disinfection is emphasized. Importantly, the biological and clinical factors influencing success are identified and explained.